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句子按说话目的可分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

陈述句

考点：陈述句的肯定结构和否定结构。

在肯定结构中，谓语动词不含否定词；否定结构是在系动词、助动词或情态动词后加not，除了not外，其他否定词，如no, hardly, never, neither, nor等，也可以构成否定句。

【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题

1. Tom does morning exercise every day. (改为否定句)

Tom _______ _______ morning exercise every day.

2. John went to church with his brother last Sunday morning. (改为否定句)

John _______ _______ to church with his brother last Sunday morning.

3. Both you and he have received an invitation to the English party. (改为否定句)

_______ you _______ he has received an invitation to the English party.

4. The boys can play chess in the afternoon. (改为否定句)

The boys _______ _______ chess in the afternoon.

疑问句

疑问句用来提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句。《义务教育英语课程标准》要求同学们掌握前三种。

考点一：一般疑问句。

一般疑问句通常将系动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语前构成。一般疑问句用Yes 或No 来回答，其回答常用简略答语。

【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题

1. The newly-opened supermarket had something on sale last Sunday. (改为一般疑问句)

______ the newly-opened supermarket ______ anything on sale last Sunday?

2. People will use robots more and more in the future life. (改为一般疑问句)

______ people ______ robots more and more in the future life?

3. it, outside, hot, is (连词成句)

__________________________________________?

考点二：特殊疑问句。

1. 以疑问词开始，以寻求信息为目的的句子叫特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时，不能用Yes或No，而要根据实际情况回答。

2. 常用的疑问词有：疑问代词what, which, who, whose, whom；疑问副词when, where, why, how；疑问词组how soon, how long, how far, how often, how old, how many, how much, what class, what time, what color等。

3. 特殊疑问句的结构：“疑问词(不作主语) 一般疑问句语序？”。

【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题

1. Susan has been a volunteer for protecting animals for three years. (对划线部分提问)

_______ _______ has Susan been a volunteer for protecting animals?

2. We will travel to the Great Wall after the exam. (对划线部分提问)

______ ______ you travel after the exam?

3. 这个暑假你打算做什么? (完成译句)

___________________________________________

4. 在我们学校，哪位体育老师足球踢得最好？ (完成译句)

___________________________________________

考点三：选择疑问句。

选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上情况，用or连接。回答时不能用Yes或No，而要根据选择的情况进行回答。

【考例链接】单项选择

( )1. —Is the mobile phone new or old?

—______. I bought it only two days ago.

A. It's old B. It's new C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn't

( )2. —Did Jeff go to the zoo by subway or by taxi yesterday?

—______.

A. Yes, he went there by subway B. No, he went there by bus

C. He went there by taxi D. He went there to see animals

( )3. —Which do you prefer, traditional Western music ______ pop music?

—Pop music.

A. but B. as C. or D. from

祈使句

考点一：肯定式

祈使句的肯定是以动词原形开头，祈使句的主语一般都是第二人称you，但往往省略。有时为了强调对方时，可以写出主语you或人名。为了使语气变得委婉、客气，可在句首或句末加上please。

考点二：否定式

在动词原形前加don't构成否定的祈使句。

考点三：祈使句 and / or 分句

在句型“祈使句 and / or 分句”中，祈使句相当于条件状语从句。

【考例链接】

Ⅰ. 单项选择

( )1. Boys and girls, ______ learning and have fun.

A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept

( )2. —Excuse me, but can you tell me where the nearest bank is?

—Just ______ going for two more blocks and you'll see it.

A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. keeps

Ⅱ. 按要求完成下列各题

1. on time, to, remember, arrive (连词成句)

___________________________________________.

2. 明天别忘了带上你的外套。 (完成译句)

___________________________________________

3. 不要和你的老师顶嘴。 (完成译句)

___________________________________________.

4. 仔细记笔记，这对你的学习有帮助。 (补全句子)

___________________________________________, and it is helpful for your study.

感叹句

感叹句表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈的感情，一般由what或how引导，句末常用感叹号。

考点一：what引导的感叹句。

what修饰名词，它引导的感叹句有三种句型：

1. What a / an 形容词 单数可数名词 ( 主语 其他)！

2. What 形容词 复数可数名词( 主语 其他)！

3. What 形容词 不可数名词( 主语 其他)！

考点二：how引导的感叹句。

how修饰形容词或副词，它引导的感叹句的句型为：How 形容词/副词( 主语 其他)!

【考例链接】

Ⅰ. 单项选择

( )1. —Aamir Khan played the part of a great father in the movie The Tale of Fatherly Love.

—______ excellent actor he is!

A. What B. What a C. What an D. How

( )2. ______ important it is for kids to imagine freely!

A. What B. How C. How an D. What an

( )3. —______ delicious food you served us tonight! Thank you very much!

—I'm glad that you enjoyed it.

A. How B. How a C. What D. What a

( )4. —Have you heard that Lin Tao saved his neighbour from a big fire last night?

—Yes. ______ brave young man he is!

A. How B. How a C. What D. What a

Ⅱ. 按要求完成下列各题

1. 多优美的音乐啊！ (完成译句)

__________________________________________!

2. 多么好的主意啊！ (完成译句)

__________________________________________!

3. 那位老师给的建议是多么有价值啊！ (完成译句)

__________________________________________!

4. 多么糟糕的天气！ (补全句子)

_______ ________ weather it is!

5. 乡村的空气是多么新鲜啊! (补全句子)

_______ ________ the air in the countryside is!

责编 | 杨宁

审稿 | 李栋

校稿 | 吕放

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