近代以来，东亚许多国家缓慢地执行着去“中国化”的政策，并积极引进欧美文化，这在许多国家引起了思想混乱的局面，在美版知乎Quora上，日本网友提问道：如果日韩越等东亚各国剥除中国文化，那我们还剩下什么？这引起各国网友的围观和热议，他们认为中国文化与各国本土文化深刻交融，根本不可能替代。

问题：剥除中国文化，东亚国家还剩什么？

韩国网友Stefan的回答

Before Chinese culture spread to Korea, they had no writing system, only spoken language. In fact, Korean did not appear until the 15th century, and did not completely occupy the language and literature stage of the Korean Peninsula until the middle of the 20th century. Modern Korean borrows a lot of English Neologisms on the basis of proverbs, but 60% of the total vocabulary is still Chinese.

在中国文化传播到韩国之前，他们没有书写系统，只有口语。实际上，直到15世纪，朝鲜语才出现，直到20世纪中叶才完全占据朝鲜半岛的语言和文学舞台。现代韩语在谚文基础上，大量借用英语新词，但总词汇量的60%仍为汉语。

Apart from the influence of China, South Korea's own cultural influence will be few. Traditional culture, architecture, religion, music, science, governance, art, clothing, military, medicine and everything else are almost complete copies of China in different historical periods.

除去中国的影响，韩国自己的文化影响力将所剩无几。传统文化、建筑、宗教、音乐、科学、治理、艺术、服饰、军事、医学和其他一切几乎都是中国在不同历史时期的完全复制品。

In fact, for thousands of years, South Korea has always claimed that it is a small China and is proud of it.

事实上，几千年来，韩国一直声称自己是小中国，并引以为傲。

For the eastern countries, China is like the Western Roman Empire. It is the origin of everything, but it has spread for thousands of years and has never disappeared, but this does not mean that South Korea is basically a replica of China. North Korea absorbed, introduced and reinterpreted Chinese culture in many ways. It copied some of it as it is, and then mixed some with local culture to become what it is today.

对东方诸国来说，中国就像是西方的罗马帝国，他是一切的缘起，只是他流传千年，从未消失，可这并不是说韩国基本上是中国的翻版。朝鲜以多种方式吸收引进并重新解释了中国文化，它原样照搬了一些，然后将一些与本土文化混合，变成了今天这个样子。

Despite the great influence of China, Korean culture is still Korean. Even in the Korean Dynasty, many people believe that North Korea has become a very "Chinese" country. North Korea still reinterprets Confucianism in a different way from China, and disagrees with China in many Confucian interpretations.

尽管受到中国的巨大影响，韩国文化仍然是韩国的，即使在朝鲜王朝，许多人认为朝鲜变成了一个非常“中国式”的国家，朝鲜仍然以不同于中国的方式重新解释儒家思想，并在许多儒家解释上与中国意见相左。

Back to this question, I feel that this question is not tenable at all, because you can't distinguish which factors have an impact on Korean culture.

回到这个问题上来，我感觉这个问题根本不成立，因为你无法区分哪些因素对韩国文化产生了如何的影响。

There is no 100% pure culture in the world, no 100% pure British culture, no 100% pure Japanese culture, and even for China, there is no 100% Chinese culture. Despite its large scale, it was still influenced by other countries through conquest and trade.

世界上不存在100%纯粹的文化，没有100%纯正的英国文化，没有100%纯粹的日本文化，即使对中国来说，也没有100%的中国文化。尽管它的规模很大，但它仍然通过征服和贸易受到其他国家的影响。

If we say that due to some fate, the source of civilization, the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, has never appeared. China is a desert of civilization, where there is no civilization at all. I guess Japan will be more like Polynesia in culture. The animism that led to the birth of Shintoism will become the dominant religion, and the influence of India and Muslims will affect Japan.

假如说，由于某种命运的安排，文明的源头长江黄河从未出现过，中国是一片文明的荒漠，那里根本没有文明，我猜日本在文化上会更像波利尼西亚，导致神道教诞生的万物有灵论将成为主导宗教，印度和穆斯林的影响将波及日本。

There will be conflicts between different cultural influences, depending on who stands in the first place. Without the infiltration of Chinese culture, Japanese society can be like Indonesia or New Guinea.

不同的文化影响之间会有冲突，取决于谁站在首位，如果没有中国文化的浸润，日本社会可以像印度尼西亚或新几内亚一样。

波利尼西亚

Japan is likely to develop a voice based language similar to Hindi, which is verbally similar to today's Japanese, but completely unfamiliar with the writing system.

日本很可能会发展一种类似印地语、以语音为基础的语言，这种语言在口头上与今天的日语相似，但完全陌生的书写系统。

Japan will remain a belligerent and ocean going country. Compared with history, it may also be more commercial than agricultural. But metal processing will lag far behind. Its warriors may look more like Incas, replacing samurai swords with obsidian and shark tooth swords, and there will be many pirates.

日本仍将是好战并钟爱远洋航行国家。与历史相比，它也可能更具商业性而非农业性。但金属加工将大大落后。它的战士可能看起来更像印加人，用黑曜石和鲨鱼齿剑代替武士刀，还会有很多海盗。

Japan is more likely to eventually become a colony. Due to the slow technological progress and the failure to see China colonized first, Japan will not be prepared for the invasion of the West. In addition, without China, the West may not have found gunpowder, and it may regress for a longer time, and Japan may eventually become a colony of the Ottoman Empire.

日本更有可能最终成为殖民地。由于技术进步缓慢，而且没有看到中国首先被殖民，日本对西方的入侵会准备不足。此外，如果没有中国，西方可能还没有发现火药，而且可能会倒退更长时间，日本可能最终沦为奥斯曼帝国的殖民地。

新加坡网友Johnny Bai的回答

Unlike the Koreans or Japanese under the issue, I don't think this issue is offensive at all. It's worth discussing. Maybe some people are too conservative and sensitive.

和问题下边的韩国人或日本人不一样，我认为这个问题一点也不具有冒犯性，很值得进行讨论，也许有些人太过保守和敏感。

烹饪/Cooking

• without the influence of Chinese diet, we would not have soy sauce, seafood sauce or other sauces, as well as some popular Chinese foods, such as pasta, pancakes, soup, fried dishes, many dishes with different cooking skills and types. Although noodles and porridge are plain, we will make up for this with delicious side dishes, such as fish sauce, fresh vanilla, lemon grass Banana leaves.

•如果没有中国饮食的影响，我们就不会有酱油、海鲜酱或其他调味汁，以及一些流行的中国食物，比如面食、 烙饼，羹汤、炒菜，许多不同烹饪技巧和种类的菜肴，面条和粥虽然平淡，但我们会用美味的配菜来弥补这一点，比如鱼露、新鲜香草、柠檬草、香蕉叶。

语言/Language

I have to admit that without Chinese, we would not have those gorgeous words and philosophical idioms. Korean and Vietnamese poetry will disappear, but we still have colorful knife poetry. In my opinion, our vernacular poetry is as beautiful as Chinese ancient poetry, and it is easier to understand and appreciate. Vietnamese will be simpler and easier to understand.

不得不承认，如果没有汉语，我们就不会拥有那些华丽的词语，富于哲理的习语，韩越诗歌将消失，但我们还保存有多彩的刀刀诗，在我看来，我们的白话诗和中国古诗一样美丽，也更容易理解和欣赏。越南语将更加简单明了，通俗易懂。

节日和庆祝活动/Festivals and celebrations

清江节

• without China, there would be no lunar new year or mid autumn festival. We can only make up for it with Hongwang anniversary celebration, teachers' day, Qingjiang Festival and hundreds of other rural festivals across the country. If there is no lion and dragon dance, we have only puppet performance and ethnic minority dance. We have to say that their artistic level is not at the same level.

•没有中国就不会有农历新年或中秋节，我们只能将就用鸿王周年庆典、教师节、清江节和全国数百个其他乡村节日来弥补，如果没有舞狮舞龙，我们就只有木偶表演和少数民族舞蹈，不得不说两者的艺术水平不在一个层次上。

传统服装/Traditional clothing

越南民族服饰

Audrey dress is the national dress of Vietnam. Audrey is composed of a coat and trousers. The upper part of the coat is similar to China's cheongsam. Obaba also has its unique charm. Interestingly, it is a kind of dress influenced by Malaysian clothes, which southern women usually wear when working in agriculture.

奥戴长裙是越南的国服，奥黛由上衣和裤子组成，上衣的上半段酷似中国的旗袍，奥巴巴也有其独特的魅力，有趣的是，这是一种受马来西亚服饰影响的服装，南方女性通常在务农时穿着。

建筑/Architecture

• stripped of Chinese elements, many temples and palaces will have to be demolished, but we have Thai floor houses.

•剥除中国元素，许多寺庙、宫殿将不得不拆除，但我们有泰族人的地板房。

越南网友黄永桑的回答

This question is actually absurd. Without history and interaction with other countries, what will a modern country become? Could England be England without the invasion and occupation of France? If the Mongols and Manchus failed to conquer China, would China still be the present China? It's hard to say that many things are unpredictable.

这个问题其实很荒谬。没有历史和与其他国家的互动，现代国家会变成什么样？越南的国名将不复存在，如果没有法国的入侵和占领，英格兰还能是英格兰吗？如果蒙古人和满族人没能征服中国，中国还会是现在这个中国吗？很难说，很多事情是不可预测的。

Back to the question, if there is another parallel universe without China, and Vietnam's land has not been touched by any other country, what would the Ancient Vietnamese look like in modern times, right?

回到问题上来，如果有另一个没有中国的平行宇宙，而越南的土地仍然没有被任何其他国家触及过，古代越南人来到现代会是什么样子的，对吗？

1. Race and traits: there may be more Indian varieties in Southeast Asia, similar to Thailand, Laos and Cambodia, with brown skin and curved hair.

1.人种和性状：东南亚可能会有更多印度品种，与泰国、老挝和柬埔寨类似，棕色皮肤，弯曲的头发。

2. Culture and language: Based on Mon Khmer without Chinese elements. Vietnamese should be similar to Khmer people, with no tone and many clusters, which is completely different from current Vietnamese.

2.文化和语言：以孟高棉语为基础，不含中国元素。越南语应该与高棉人相近，没有声调，有很多簇，与现在的越南语完全不同。

Culture will also be more Indian, without traces of China. No lanterns, no Chinese pagodas, no Chinese Buddhism, no Chinese clothes. The pagoda should be covered with gold, not red bricks. The Buddha will also be gold, not white stone. Without Confucianism, there are some religions similar to mysticism.

文化也将更加印度化，没有中国的痕迹。没有灯笼，没有中国的宝塔，没有中国的佛教，没有中国的衣服。宝塔应该是用黄金覆盖，而不是用红砖。佛像也会是金色的，而不是白色的石头。没有儒家思想，却存在一些类似于神秘主义的宗教。

3. Food: people will eat with their bare hands instead of chopsticks. Some foods will never be born, such as noodles, stewed pork, dumplings, steamed stuffed buns... Similarly, food will be more Indian or Southeast Asian.

3.食物：人们会徒手吃饭，而不是用筷子，有些食物永远不会诞生，比如面条、炖猪肉、饺子、包子……同样，食物会更印度化，或者更东南亚化。

东南亚饮食

4. Education: without Confucianism, the Vietnamese people would not care so much about education. People will live freer, lazier, more forthright, more honest and more careless.

4.教育：没有儒家思想，越南人民就不会那么关心教育。人们会生活得更自由、更懒惰、更直率、更诚实，也更粗心。

5. Lifestyle: people will pay more attention to the family, women can have a higher social status, and they can contribute to the family like men.

5.生活方式：人们将更关注家庭，女性可以拥有更高的社会地位，她们可以和男士一样为家庭做出贡献。

However, the assumption is that I prefer the modern version of Vietnam, which is influenced by India (a long time ago), China (historically), France and the United States. I think Chinese characteristics are the most obvious. I can't imagine Vietnam without it. I don't think I will like that version of Vietnam. Many Vietnamese should feel the same as me.

可是，假设就是假设，我更喜欢现代版的越南，受印度（很久以前）、中国（历史上）、法国和美国影响的越南。我认为中国特色是最明显的，我无法想象没有它的越南，我想我不会喜欢那个版本的越南，很多越南人应该和我有着同样的感觉。