当你在野外拍照时，是否意识到，你的脚印可能会**景观。如何在不**自然的前提下拍摄照片？请听大自然保护协会科学家Justine E. Hausheer的建议。

请看详细报道↓↓↓

网民正在为所谓的“特别照片”而不顾后果地去一些危险的地方猎奇，自然爱好者们怎样才能负责地实地拍摄？

Social media (especially Instagram) is fueling harm to nature as people engage in a “photo trophy hunt” for the perfect ‘gram shot. How can nature lovers use social media responsibly？

沿路而行

Stay On the Trail

游客以加州的超级花海为拍摄背景，**了当地植物。

Tourists using the California superbloom as photoshoot background, which damages native plants.

2018年夏天，加利福尼亚州出现了超级花海：完美的降雨条件使得全州野花大量盛开。

California experienced a rare super bloom in 2018 summer, when perfect rainfall conditions cause a mass-bloom of wildflowers across the state.

此景吸引来大批疯狂的游客，就像2017年曾经发生的那样，他们竞相拍摄令人震撼的橙黄色山坡。

The event prompted a tourist frenzy, as it did back in 2017, with visitors racing to photograph the stunning orange and yellow hillsides.

不幸的是，成千上万的游客都想找到完美的自拍角度，甚至平躺在花海中，践踏了大片花田。

Unfortunately, hundreds of thousands of tourists intent on snapping the perfect selfie trampled whole fields of flowers, many of them laying down amid the blooms.

周围小镇的居民进行了反击，试图通过禁止游客**来保护花海。

Small town**ought back and attempted to protect their blooms by banning visitors.

野花被踩烂了似乎没什么大不了，但问题是，这些花朵还需要播种下一代。为了一张自拍而**自然，这件事本身就是不对的。

Crushed flowers might not sound like much, but these blooms need to seed the next generation of plants. It’s just bad form to destroy nature for a selfie.)

在一些地方，您的脚印可能会**景观。在死亡谷，毫无戒心的游客经常走过盐滩去拍摄那些惊人的“风帆石”：这种石头会像变魔术般在整个海滩中来回**。

In other places, your very footprints can harm the scenic views. In Death Valley, unsuspecting tourists often walk across the salt flats to photograph the incredible “sailing stones,” which move seemily by magic across the playa.

但是下过雨后，盐滩**泥泞，在上面走过就会留下深深的脚印。这种脚印会**存在数年，阻碍石头的**，影响后来的拍摄者。

But after rain the salt flats turn to mud, and walking across them leaves deep footprints that can last for years, impeding the stones’ progress and ruining the shot for other photographers.

所以，请务必沿路而行。这或许意味着您将无法****的照片，但这种限制也将激发您的创造力，使您成为更好的摄影师。

So stay on the trail. Please. It might mean you can’t get your ideal shot, but that limitation will force you to be more creative and will make you a better photographer.

停止对照片进行地理标记并清除照片上的GPS数据

Stop Geotagging & Scrub GPS Data From Your Photos

你发表在社交媒体上的照片可能会使一头犀牛被偷猎者杀死。每次拍摄照片时，智能手机或数码相机都会自动为该图像记录元数据：日期、时间、GPS位置等。

Your social media post could get a rhino killed by poachers. Every time you take a photo, your iPhone or camera logs metadata with that image: the date, time, and GPS location, among other things.

在网上看到这张照片的任何人都可以获取该信息，这意味着偷猎者可能距离猎物只有几步之遥。

That information is accessible to anyone who looks at the photo, say, on your Facebook or Flickr album. Which meanspoachers are just a few clicks away from their prey.

科学家们正在解决这类问题。爬虫学家总是会非常小心地清除原始地理数据，以免非法爬行动物收藏者发现并捕获这些动物。

Scientists are grappling with similar issues. Herpetologists are notoriously careful about deleting metadata, lest illegal reptile collectors find and harvest those animals.

随着学术界越来越朝着开放出版的方向**，生态学家要努力判断有多少稀有物种的位置信息可以被分享。

As academia moves towards open-access publishing,ecologists are struggling to decidehow much location information to share about rare species.

他们还必须保护自己的数据库——在印度，偷猎者试图利用戴项圈的老虎的GPS信息入侵数据库。

They’re also having to guard their datasets: In India, poachers tried to hack into a database with GPS data from collared tigers.

**解决办法是在发布照片之前就清除上面的关键数据。

The best thing you can do is to clean your photos before posting them.

我们还要小心那些添加到投稿中的地理信息——也就是地理标签——这可能使我们去过的一些美丽地方面临风险。

We also have to worry about the geographic info we add to our social posts — called geotagging — which can put the beautiful places that we visit at risk.

2018年，怀俄明州旅游局曾恳请游客停止对照片做地理标记。

In 2018, the Wyoming touri** board begged people to stop geotagging their photos.

当时，一些“网红”上传了当地原始的三角湖照片，并附上了地理标记。后来，游客们蜂拥到湖边小路以及其周围拍照。

After a few “influencers” posted geotagged shots of the pristine Delta Lake, visitors swarmed the surrounding trails and off the trail trying to “shoot engagement photos and hawk health supplements.”

幸好此类问题比较容易解决——别加地理标记就行。或者，如果您执意这样做，请选择通用标签（如大提顿国家公园），而不是特定地点（如三角湖）。

Thankfully this is an easy one to fix: Just don’t geotag. Or if you do, choose a generic geographic marker (Grand Teton National Park) instead of the specific place (Delta Lake).

与野生动物**距离

Give Wildlife A Wide Berth”

短尾矮袋鼠是澳大利亚的社交媒体明星。这些有袋小动物表情友好且不太害怕人类，因此成为了可爱动物自拍照的**选择。

Quokkas are Australia’s social media celebrity. These little marsupials have a permanent **ile-like expression and little fear of humans, making them the perfect candidate for an adorable animal selfie.

但是，意欲拍下#quokka照片的游客经常用食物**或直接将短尾矮袋鼠赶入镜头内，使它们承受压力，打扰它们的日常觅食行为。

Unfortunately, tourists intent on snapping their #quokka shot often bait animals with food or corral them into a photo, causing them stress and disrupting their daily foraging.

对于其他一些物种来说，人类接近它们可能会造成致命后果。每隔几年，黄石国家公园就会出现距离野牛太近的粗心游客上演侥幸逃生的故事。

Approaching other species can have deadly consequences. Every few years, irresponsible tourists in Yellowstone National Park get too close to bison,and are lucky to escape with their lives.

总之，在野生动物周围时还是要谨慎一些。仔细阅读当地的**告标志，认真对待上面的指示，不要小看任何熟悉的物种。

So be **art around wildlife. Read local warning signs, take their instructions seriously, and don’t underestimate familiar species.

请勿使用明亮的闪光灯或声音来吸引动物。另外，切勿触摸或喂食野生生物，即使它们乞求也不能投喂。

Don’t use flash a bright flash or play sounds to attract an animal to you. And never touch or feed wildlife, even if they beg.

人类的食物可能导致它们的健康问题，而过于适应人类和人类食物的捕食者往往会因此遭殃。

Human food can cause health problems, and predators that become too acclimated to human presence (and food) are often killed.

请勿**大石块

Don’t Move Rocks

石堆可能会伤及野生动物。

Stone stacks can harm wildlife, cause erosion, and disorient hikers.

我们都见过由石堆标志出的远足**处，或是沙滩上人为堆起的鹅卵石。

We’ve all seen hiking summits crowned with cairns or a stack of wave-washed pebbles on a beach.

**一两块大石头看起来也不算什么大事，但随着时间流逝，这种行为会给野生生物带来麻烦，例如**美国东南部濒临灭绝的美洲大鲵的栖息地。

Moving rock or two might not seem like much, but over time it can create problems for wildlife. The trend risksdestroying habitat for endangered hellbender salamandersin the southeastern US.

石堆还会阻碍鱼类通过，**无脊椎动物的栖息地，或压碎鸟蛋。清除石块会**出土壤，加速侵蚀。

Stacks can also disrupt fish passage, destroy stream macroinvertebrate habitat, or squash shore-bird eggs. Stone removal also exposes soil and facilitates erosion.

和负责任的同伴一起旅行

Travel With Responsible Companies

我也喜欢在旅行时摄影，但是负责任的旅游需要我们都为之努力。“生态旅游”就像“有机”一词一样，只拥有纸面上的概念并不会产生实际的意义。

If you’re like me, a lot of your photography happens while on vacation. But responsible nature touri** takes work. “Ecotouri**” is like “organic” — the term is absolutely meaningless.

需要特别注意那些以野生动物为噱头的旅行团。一些打着“野外摄影之旅”旗号的旅行团，会用危险且不道德的**迫使野生生物接近游客，例如用活的或假的老鼠吸引猫头鹰。

And take particular care with wildlife tours. Some nature photography tours use dangerous and unethical practices to get the wildlife close to you.Owl-baiting is one example, where the birds are tempted with live or toy mice.

问题是，这些动物会逐渐习惯于不劳而获，**等候在喂食地点，失去捕猎能力，有些还会在试图接近人类时发生被汽车撞到等事故。

The problem? Those same birds become accustomed to the free meal and often forgo hunting to wait at the baiting site, or are hit by cars as they try to approach people for food.

总之，在预订任何“与野生动物亲密**”的旅行团之前，请再想想。可以问问旅行社，看他们是否会将收益的一部分用于支持**或动物保护。

So think carefully before booking an “interactive wildlife encounter.” Ask questions to make sure operators use a portion of their proceeds to support conservation or species protection.

如果整条旅行路线看起来都是以拍出精美照片为目标、而不是在自然栖息地真正地观察动物，请三思而行。

If it looks like the entire process is engineered to get you a great photo, instead of observing wild animals in their natural habitat, think twice.

最后的建议：不要只想着自己的自拍愿望单。

A final word of advice: think beyond the selfie bucket list.

总之，出去拍照时——别忘了随时关照与爱护大自然。

So get out there and take a selfie… just be sure to care for nature along the way.