Word List 21

chantey

[ˈʃæntɪ]

n. 船歌（a song sung by sailors in rhythm with their work）

envision

[ɪnˈvɪʒn]

v. 想象，预想（to picture to oneself）

记 词根记忆：en＋vis（看）＋ion→想象，预想

intersect

[ˌɪntərˈsekt]

v. 相交（to meet and cross at a point）；贯穿，横穿（to divide into two parts; cut across）

amendment

[əˈmendmənt]

n. 改正，修正（a correction of errors, faults）；修正案（a revision made in a bill, law, constitution,

etc.）

aphori**

[ˈæfərɪzəm]

n. 格言（maxim; adage）

记 词根记忆：a＋phor（带来）＋i**→带来智慧的话→格言

frail

[freɪl]

adj. 脆弱的（fragile; delicate）；不坚实的（slender and delicate）

记 可能是fragile（adj. 易碎的）的变体

例 A human being is quite a frail creature, for the gloss of rationality that covers his or her fears

and insecurity is thin and often easily breached.

同 feeble, flimsy

prohibitive[prəˈhɪbətɪv]

adj. 禁止的，抑制的（tending to prohibit or restrain）；贵得买不起的（so high or burdensome as to discourage purchase or use）

记 词根记忆：pro（提前）＋hibit（拿住）＋ive（…的）→提前拿住得→禁止的，抑制的

decompose

[ˌdiːkəmˈpoʊz]

v. （使）腐烂（to rot; decay）

记 词根记忆：de（否定）＋compose（组成）→腐烂

instigate

[ˈɪnstɪɡeɪt]

v. 怂恿，鼓动，煽动（to urge on; foment; incite）

记 词根记忆：in（**）＋stig（＝sting **）＋ate→**起来→怂恿，鼓动，煽动

同 abet, provoke, stir

resent

[rɪˈzent]

v. 憎恶，怨恨（to feel or express annoyance or ill will）

记 词根记忆：re（反）＋sent（感情）→反感→憎恶

例 Was he so thin-skinned, then, to resent any **all jest at his expense?

vulgar

[ˈvʌlɡər]

adj. 有教养的，庸俗的（morally crude, undeveloped）

记 词根记忆：vulg（庸俗）＋ar→庸俗的

justifiable

[ˈʤʌstɪfaɪəbl]

adj. 有理由的，无可非议的（capable of being justified or defended as correct）

记 来自justify（v. 证明…是正当或合理的）

formidably

[ˈfɔːrmɪdəbli]

adv. 可怕地，难对付地，强大地（strongly）

记 来自formidable（adj. 可怕的，难对付的）

diffusion

[dɪˈfjuːʒn]

n. 扩散，弥漫（diffuseness）；冗长（prolixity）；反射（reflection of light by a rough reflecting

surface）；漫射（tran**ission of light through a translucent material; scattering）

candor

[ˈkændər]n. 坦白，率直（frankness）

记 词根记忆：cand（白）＋or（表状态）→坦白

例 Candor may actually enhance one's standing.

conflate

[kənˈfleɪt]

v. 合并（to combine or mix）

记 联想记忆：con（共同）＋flat（吹气）＋e→吹到一起→合并

formalized

[ˈfɔːrməlaɪzd]

adj. 形式化的，正式的

记 来自formalize（v. 使形式化，使正式）

misanthrope

[ˈmɪsənθroʊp]

n. 厌恶人类者（a person who hates humankind）

记 词根记忆：mis（恨）＋anthrop（人类）＋e→恨人类的人→厌恶人类者

例 Because he was a misanthrope, he shunned human society.

subsidize

[ˈsʌbsɪdaɪz]

v. 津贴，资助（to furnish with a subsidy）

同 finance, fund, sponsor

purified

[ˈpjʊrɪfaɪd]

adj. 纯净的

记 来自purify（v. 使洁净；净化）

antibiotic

[ˌæntibaɪˈɑːtɪk]

adj. 抗菌的（of, or relating to antibiotics） n. 抗生素（substance that can destroy or prevent the

growth of bacteria）

记 词根记忆：anti（反）＋bio（生命）＋tic→抗生素

caste

[kæst]

n. 社会等级，等级（class distinction）

记 原指印度教的种姓制度；发音记忆：“卡死他”→在一个等级上卡死他，不让他上来→社会等级

搭 a caste system 等级体系

tact[tækt]

n. 机智；圆滑（a keen sense of what to do or say）

例 She has sufficient tact to handle the ordinary crises of diplomatic life; however, even her

diplomacy is insufficient to enable her to weather the current emergency.

cautious

[ˈkɔːʃəs]

adj. 小心的，谨慎的（marked by or given to caution）

记 联想记忆：caut（看作cat）＋ious（…的）→像猫一样的→小心的，谨慎的

同 chary, circumspect, discreet, gingerly, wary

impersonal

[ɪmˈpɜːrsənl]

adj. 不受个人感情影响的（having no personal reference or connection）

记 联想记忆：im（不）＋personal（个人的）→不投入个人感情的→不受个人感情影响的

beaded

[ˈbiːdɪd]

adj. 以珠装饰的（decorated with beads），柱状的

搭 beaded with sth. 带着…，追着…

responsive

[rɪˈspɑːnsɪv]

adj. 响应的，做出反应的（giving response）；**的，反应快的

同 respondent; sensitive

rage

[reɪʤ]

n. 盛怒（violent and uncontrolled anger） v. 狂怒，大发雷霆（to be in a rage）

搭 be all the rage 十分流行，成为时尚

unconscious

[ʌnˈkɑːnʃəs]

adj. 不省人事的（having lost consciousness）；未发觉的，无意识的（not knowing about sth.）convivial

[kənˈvɪviəl]

adj. 欢乐的，**的（having sth. to do with a feast or festive activity）

记 词根记忆：con＋viv（活）＋ial→一起活跃→欢乐的

decisive

[dɪˈsaɪsɪv]

adj. 决定性的（having the power or quality of deciding）；坚定的，果断的（resolute;

unquestionable）

同 bent, decided, determined, resolved

overshadow

[ˌoʊvərˈʃædoʊ]

v. 使蒙上阴影（to cast a shadow over）；使黯然失色

记 组合词：over（在…上）＋shadow（阴影）→蒙上一层阴影→使蒙上阴影；使黯然失色

adverse

[ˈædvɜːrs]

adj. 有害的，不利的（not favorable）；敌对的（hostile），相反的（contrary）

记 词根记忆：ad（坏）＋verse（转）→不利的；敌对的

incidence

[ˈɪnsɪdəns]

n. 发生，出现（an instance of happening）；发生率（rate of occurrence or influence）

记 词根记忆：in＋cid（落下）＋ence→落下来的事→发生，出现

self-assured

[ˌselfəˈʃʊrd]

adj. 有自信的（sure of oneself）

同 confident

decrepit

[dɪˈkrepɪt]

adj. 衰老的，破旧的（broken down or worn out by old age, illness, or long use）

记 词根记忆：de＋crepit（破裂声）→破旧的

contrary

[ˈkɑːntreri]

adj. 相反的（being so different as to be at opposite extremes）；对抗的（being opposite to or in

conflict with each other）

记 词根记忆：contra（相反）＋ry→相反的

搭 be contrary to 与…相反

precipitate[prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt] v. 使突然降临，加速，促成（to bring about abruptly; hasten）

[prɪˈsɪpɪtət] adj. 鲁莽的，轻率的（impetuous）

记 词根记忆：pre（预先）＋cip（落下）＋it＋ate→预先落下→使突然降临，加速

搭 precipitate sb./sth. into sth. 使…突然陷入（某种状态）

applaud

[əˈplɔːd]

v. 鼓掌；称赞（to show approval by clapping the hands）

记 词根记忆：ap（加强）＋plaud（鼓掌）→鼓掌

同 acclaim, commend, compliment

astound

[əˈstaʊnd]

v. 使震惊（to overcome sb. with surprise）

记 联想记忆：as＋tound（看作sound）→像被大声吓倒→使震惊

chafe

[tʃeɪf]

v. （将皮肤等）擦热，擦破（to warm by rubbing）；激怒（to annoy）

记 联想记忆：在cafe中加了一个h（看作hot）→热咖啡→擦热

ridiculous

[rɪˈdɪkjələs]

adj. 荒谬的，可笑的（absurd, preposterous）

记 词根记忆：rid（笑）＋icul＋ous（…的）→被人嘲笑的→荒谬的，可笑的

同 comical, droll, farcical, laughable, ludicrous

scheme

[skiːm]

n. 阴谋（a crafty or secret plan）；（作品等）体系，结构（a systematic or organized framework;

design）

记 注意不要和schema（n. 图表）相混

overlap

[ˌoʊvərˈlæp]

v. 部分重叠（to coincide in part with）

记 组合词：over（在…上）＋lap（**）→把一条腿放在另一条腿上→部分重叠

同 lap, overlie, override

impede

[ɪmˈpiːd]

v. 妨碍（to bar or hinder the progress of; obstruct）

记 词根记忆：im（**）＋ped（脚）＋e→把脚放入→妨碍

verdant

[ˈvɜːrdnt]

adj. 葱郁的，翠绿的（green in tint or color）

记 词根记忆：verd（绿色）＋ant→翠绿的

exigency[ˈeksɪʤənsi]

n. 紧急要求，迫切需要（that which is required in a particular situation）

记 词根记忆：ex（外）＋ig（驱赶）＋ency→赶到外边→紧急要求

incumbent

[ɪnˈkʌmbənt]

n. 在职者，现任者（the holder of an office or benefice） adj. 义不容辞的（obligatory）

记 词根记忆：in＋cumb（躺）＋ent→躺在（职位）上的人→在职者

voluntary

[ˈvɑːlənteri]

adj. 自愿的，志愿的（of, relating to, subject to, or regulated by the will）

记 词根记忆：volunt（自动）＋ary（…的）→自己选择的→自愿的

recast

[ˌriːˈkæst]

v. 重铸（to mold again）；更换演员（to change the cast of (a theatrical production)）

记 词根记忆：re（重新）＋cast（铸）→重铸

certitude

[ˈsɜːrtɪtuːd]

n. 确定无疑（certainty of act or event）

记 词根记忆：cert（确定）＋itude（状态）→确定的状态→确定无疑

stocky

[ˈstɑːki]

adj. （人或动物）矮而结实的，**的（compact, sturdy, and relatively thick in build）

记 来自stock（n. 树桩）

circumstantial

[ˌsɜːrkəmˈstænʃl]

adj. 不重要的，偶然的（incidental）；描述详细的（marked by careful attention to detail）

记 词根记忆：circum（绕圈）＋stant（站，立）＋ial→处于周围→不重要的

euphemistic

[ˌjuːfəˈmɪstɪk]

adj. 委婉的

同 inoffensive

irreconcilable

[ɪˈrekənsaɪləbl]

adj. 无法调和的，矛盾的（incompatible; conflicting）

记 联想记忆：ir（不）＋reconcilable（可调和的）→无法调和的

例 The faculty senate warned that, if its recommendations were to go unheeded, the differences between the administration and the teaching staff would be exacerbated and eventually rendered irreconcilable.

appreciate

[əˈpriːʃieɪt]

v. 欣赏（to understand and enjoy）；感激（to recognize with gratitude）

记 词根记忆：ap＋preci（价值）＋ate→给以价值→欣赏

modify

[ˈmɑːdɪfaɪ]

v. 修改，更改（to alter partially; amend）

记 词根记忆：mod（**）＋ify→使改变**→修改，更改

impermeable

[ɪmˈpɜːrmiəbl]

adj. 不可渗透的，不透水的（not allowing a liquid to pass through）

记 联想记忆：im（不）＋permeable（可渗透的）→不可渗透的

recreational

[ˌrekriˈeɪʃənl]

adj. 娱乐的，休闲的（of, relating to, or characteristic of recreation）

self-conscious

[ˌselfˈkɑːnʃəs]

adj. 自觉的；害羞的，不自然的

同 awkward, bashful, embarrassed

exorbitant

[ɪɡˈzɔːrbɪtənt]

adj. 过分的，**的（exceeding the bounds of custom, propriety, or reason）

记 联想记忆：ex＋orbit（轨道，常规）＋ant→走出常规→过分的

搭 exorbitant fees **收费

同 excessive, extravagant, extreme, immoderate, inordinate

thrifty

[ˈθrɪfti]

adj. 节俭的（marked by economy and good management）

记 来自thrift（n. 节约）

overstate

[ˌoʊvərˈsteɪt]

v. 夸张，对…言过其实（to exaggerate）

记 组合词：over（过分）＋state（陈述）→夸张

auspicious

[ɔːˈspɪʃəs]

adj. 幸运的（favored by future; succes**ul）；吉兆的（propitious）

记 联想记忆：au＋spic（看）＋ious→看到（好事）的→吉兆的

irritate

[ˈɪrɪteɪt]

v. 激怒（to provoke anger）；**（to induce irritability in or of）

记 词根记忆：irrit（痒）＋ate→激怒；**

同 exasperate, peeve, pique, roil

grave

[ɡreɪv]

adj. 严肃的，庄重的（serious） n. 墓穴

记 词根记忆：grav（重）＋e→庄重的

structure

[ˈstrʌktʃər]

n. 结构（makeup） v. 建造（to construct）

例 Even though the basic organization of the brain does not change after birth, details of its

structure and function remain plastic for some time, particularly in the cerebral cortex.

inelastic

[ˌɪnɪˈlæstɪk]

adj. 无弹性的（inflexible）

记 联想记忆：in（不）＋elastic（有弹性的）→无弹性的

embrace

[ɪmˈbreɪs]

v. **（to take a person into one's arms as a sign of affection）；包含（to take in or include as a

part）

记 词根记忆：em（**）＋brac（胳膊）＋e→**怀抱→**

transgress

[trænzˈɡres]

v. 冒犯，违背（to go beyond limits prescribed by; violate）

记 词根记忆：trans（横向）＋gress（走）→横着走→冒犯

gregarious

[ɡrɪˈɡeriəs]

adj. 群居的（living in herds or flocks）；爱社交的（sociable）

记 词根记忆：greg（群体）＋arious→群居的

例 Contrary to her customary gregarious behavior, Susan began leaving parties early to seek the

solitude of her room.

dupe

[duːp]

n. 易上当者（a person easily tricked or fooled）

记 发音记忆：“丢谱”→瞎摆谱，结果上了当，丢了面子→易上当者

impatience

[ɪmˈpeɪʃns]

n. 不耐烦，焦躁（the quality or state of being impatient）

记 来自patient（adj. 有耐心的）

headstrong

[ˈhedstrɔː ]

adj. 刚愎自用的（determined to have one's own way; obstinate; unruly）

记 组合词：head（头）＋strong（强的）→头很强→刚愎自用的

insincere

[ˌɪnsɪnˈsɪr]

adj. 不诚恳的，虚伪的（hypocritical）

例 Since she believed him to be both candid and trustworthy, she refused to consider the

possibility that his statement had been insincere.

fumigate

[ˈfjuːmɪɡeɪt]

v. 用烟熏消毒（to expose to the action of fumes in order to disinfect or kill the vermin）

记 词根记忆：fum（＝fume 烟）＋igate（用…的）→用烟熏消毒

ruthless

[ˈruːθləs]

adj. 无情的（merciless）；残忍的（cruel）

例 Wemmick, the soul of kindness in private, is obliged in public to be uncompassionate and

even ruthless on behalf of his employer, the harsh lawyer Jaggers.

perspire

[pərˈspaɪər]v. 出汗（to sweat）

记 词根记忆：per＋spir（呼吸）＋e→全身都呼吸→出汗

facilitate

[fəˈsɪlɪteɪt]

v. 使容易，促进（to make easy or easier）

同 assist, ease, speed

impair

[ɪmˈper]

v. 损害，削弱（to damage; reduce; injure）

记 词根记忆：im（**）＋pair（坏）→使…变坏→损害

例 Exposure to sustained noise has been claimed to impair blood pressure regulation in human

beings and, particularly, to increase hypertension, even though some researchers have obtained

inconclusive results that obscure the relationship.

同 blemish, mar, prejudice, tarnish, vitiate

obstinateness

[ˈɑːbstɪnətnəs]

n. 固执，顽固

记 来自obstinate（adj. 顽固的，固执的）

ancestor

[ˈænsestər]

n. 祖先，祖宗（one from whom a person is descended）

记 词根记忆：ance（看作ante，先）＋stor→祖先，祖宗

closet

[ˈklɑːzət]

adj. 秘密的（closely private） n. 壁橱（a **all room where clothing and personal objects are kept）

cringe

[krɪnʤ]v. 畏缩（to shrink from sth. dangerous or painful）；谄媚（to act in a timid, servile manner; fawn）

记 联想记忆：c＋ring（响铃）＋e→一响铃就退缩→畏缩

搭 cringe from 因…畏缩

unequivocal

[ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkl]

adj. 毫无疑问的（leaving no doubt; unquestionable）

例 Dr. Smith cautioned that the data so far are not sufficiently unequivocal to warrant dogmatic

assertions by either side in the debate.

negotiate

[nɪˈɡoʊʃieɪt]

v. 协商，商定，议定（to arrange for or bring about through conference, discussion, and

compromise）

例 The actual rigidity of Wilson's position was always betrayed by his refusal to compromise

after having initially agreed to negotiate a settlement.

adversity

[ədˈvɜːrsəti]

n. 逆境，不幸（a state, condition, or instance of serious or continued difficulty or adverse fortune）

affective

[əˈfektɪv]

adj. 感情的（relating to, arising from, or influencing feelings or emotions），表达感情的

（expressing emotion）

countless

[ˈkaʊntləs]

adj. 无数的（too numerous to be counted）

同 incalculable, innumerable, numberless, uncountable

plump

[plʌmp]

adj. 丰满的（having a full rounded usually pleasing form） v. 使丰满，使变圆（to make well-

rounded or full in form）

elongate

[ɪˈlɔː ɡeɪt]

v. 延长，伸长（to extend the length of）

记 词根记忆：e＋long（长的）＋ate→向外变长→伸长

irreparable

[ɪˈrepərəbl]

adj. 不能挽回的，无法弥补的（irremediable）搭 irreparable damage 不可弥补的损害

unjustifiable

[ʌnˈʤʌstɪfaɪəbl]

adj. 不合道理的（incapable of being justified or explained）

例 The commission of inquiry censured the senator for his lavish expenditure of public funds,

which they found to be unjustifiable.

remiss

[rɪˈmɪs]

adj. 疏忽的，不留心的（negligent in the performance of work or duty）

记 词根记忆：re（一再）＋miss（放）→一再放掉→疏忽的

revival

[rɪˈvaɪvl]

n. 苏醒；恢复；复兴（renewed attention to or interest in sth.）

记 词根记忆：re（又）＋viv（生命）＋al→生命重现→恢复

例 Crowther maintained that the current revival was the most fatuous and inane production of the

entire theatrical season.

同 reanimation, renaissance, renascence, resuscitation, revivification

patience

[ˈpeɪʃns]

n. 耐性（the capacity, habit, or fact of being patient）

例 The diplomat, selected for her demonstrated patience and skill in conducting such delicate

negotiations, declined to make a decision during the talks because any sudden commitment at that time

would have been inopportune.

chorus

[ˈkɔːrəs]

n. 合唱队，歌舞团（a group of dancers and singers）

记 词根记忆：chor（跳舞）＋us→跳舞的人→歌舞团

grudge

[ɡrʌʤ]

v. 吝惜，勉强给或承认（to be reluctant to give or admit）；不满，怨恨（to feel resentful about sth.）

记 联想记忆：去做苦工（drudge）肯定会怨恨（grudge）

concede

[kənˈsiːd]

v. 承认（to admit）；让步（to make a concession）

记 词根记忆：con＋ced（割让）＋e→让出去→让步

beneficiary

[ˌbenɪˈfɪʃieri]

n. 受益人（one that benefits from sth.）

记 来自benefit（n. 益处，好处）

vigilance

[ˈvɪʤɪləns]

n. **惕，**觉（the quality or state of being vigilant）

同 alertness, watchfulness

initiate

[ɪˈnɪʃieɪt]

v. 发起，开始（to set going by taking the first step; begin）；接纳（to admit into membership, as with ceremonies or ritual）

记 词根记忆：in（朝内）＋it（走）＋ial→朝内走→发起，开始

同 commence, inaugurate, institute, originate

verbosity

[vɜːrˈbɑːsəti]

n. 冗长（an expressive style that uses excessive words）

例 Her verbosity is always a source of irritation: she never uses a single word when she can

substitute a long clause or phrase in its place.

venturesome

[ˈventʃərsəm]

adj. 好冒险的（inclined to court or incur risk or danger）；（行为）冒险的（involving risk）

self-determination[ˌselfdɪˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃn]

n. 自主，自决（free choice of one's own acts or states without external compulsion）

haphazardly

[hæpˈhæzərdli]

adv. 偶然地（accidentally）；随意地（randomly）；杂乱地（in a jumble）

记 联想记忆：hap（机会，运气）＋hazard（危险；意外）＋ly→偶然地；随意地

naivete

[naɪˈiːvəti]

n. 天真的言行举止（a naive remark or action）；天真无邪（the quality or state of being naive）

例 We realized that John was still young and impressionable, but were nevertheless surprised at

his naivete.

extraneous

[ɪkˈstreɪniəs]

adj. 外来的（coming from outside）；无关的（not pertinent）

记 词根记忆：extra（外面）＋neous→外来的

analogous

[əˈnæləɡəs]

adj. 相似的，可比拟的

搭 be analogous to... 与…相似

同 akin, comparable, corresponding, parallel, undifferentiated

deft

[deft]

adj. 灵巧的，熟练的（skillful in a quick, sure, and easy way; dexterous）

同 adroit, handy, nimble

animosity

[ˌænɪˈmɑːsəti]

n. 憎恶，仇恨（a feeling of strong dislike or hatred）

记 词根记忆：anim（生命）＋osity→用整个生命去恨→仇恨

同 animus, antagoni**, enmity, hostility, ranco

supple

[ˈsʌpl]

adj. 柔软的，灵活的（readily adaptable or responsive to new situations）柔顺的，顺从的

同 flexible, limber, pliable

expressly

[ɪkˈspresli]

adv. 清楚地（explicitly）；特意地（particularly）记 来自express（v. 表达 adj. 特别的；清楚的）

sympathetic

[ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk]

adj. 有同情心的（given to, marked by, or arising from sympathy）

同 commiserative, compassionate, condolatory, pitying

emancipate

[ɪˈmænsɪpeɪt]

v. 解放，释放（to free from restraint）

记 词根记忆：e＋man（手）＋cip（落下）＋ate→使从手中落下→解放

incessant

[ɪnˈsesnt]

adj. 不停的，不断的（continuing without interruption）

记 词根记忆：in（不）＋cess（走）＋ant→不停的

volcanic

[vɑːlˈkænɪk]

adj. 火山的（of, relating to, or produced by a volcano）

verification

[ˌverɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]

n. 确认，查证（the act or process of verifying）

therapy

[ˈθerəpi]

n. 治疗（therapeutic treatment especially of bodily, mental, or behavioral disorder）

例 The child needed physical therapy to counteract the rigidity that had tragically immobilized

his legs.

inflate

[ɪnˈfleɪt]

v. 使充气，使**（to fill with air）

记 词根记忆：in（朝内）＋flat（吹气）＋e→朝内吹气→使充气

charitable

[ˈtʃærətəbl]

adj. 行善的（full of love for and goodwill toward others）；仁爱的（liberal in benefactions to the

needy）

同 benevolent, clement, humanitarian, lenient, philanthropic

virtue

[ˈvɜːrtʃuː]n. 美德（conformity to a standard of right）；优点（merit）；潜能（potency）

例 People should not be praised for their virtue if they lack the energy to be wicked; in such

cases, goodness is merely the effect of indolence.

同 morality, probity, rectitude, righteousness

stronghold

[ˈstrɔː hoʊld]

n. 要塞（a fortified place）；堡垒，根据地（a place of security or survival）

同 fortress

venomous

[ˈvenəməs]

adj. 有毒的（full of venom; poisonous）

同 deadly, vicious, virulent

mystici**

[ˈmɪstɪsɪzəm]

n. 神秘主义（immediate consciousness of the transcendent or ultimate reality）

例 No longer sustained by the belief that the world around us was expressly designed for

humanity, many people try to find intellectual substitutes for that lost certainty in astrology and in

mystici**.

alloy

[ˈælɔɪ]

n. 合金（a substance composed of two or more metals）

记 联想记忆：all（所有的）＋oy→把所有金属混在一起→合金

同 admixture, amalgam, composite, fusion, interfusion

hospitable

[hɑːˈspɪtəbl]

adj. 热情好客的（disposed to treat guests with warmth and generosity）；易接受的（having an open mind; receptive）

记 联想记忆：hospita(l)（医院）＋(a)ble（能…的）→在医院治疗要接受医生的安排→易接受的

例 Our times seem especially hospitable to bad ideas, probably because in throwing off the

shackles of tradition, we have ended up being quite vulnerable to untested theories and untried

remedies.

dumbfound

[dʌmˈfaʊnd]

v. 使…惊讶（to astonish）

记 组合词：dumb（哑）＋found（被发现）→惊讶得说不出话来→使…惊讶

同 amaze, astound

outgoing[ˈaʊtɡoʊɪ ]

adj. 友善的（openly friendly; sociable）；即将离去的（going out; leaving）

例 Rebuffed by his colleagues, the initially outgoing young researcher became increasingly

withdrawn.

taut

[tɔːt]

adj. 绷紧的，拉紧的（having no slack; tightly drawn）

同 stiff, tense

infantile

[ˈɪnfəntaɪl]

adj. 幼稚的，孩子气的（like or typical of a **all child）

记 来自infant（n. 婴儿）

surveillance

[sɜːrˈveɪləns]

n. 监视，盯梢（close observation of a person）

同 inspection, supervision

incompatible

[ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbl]

adj. 无法和谐共存的，不相容的（not able to exist in harmony or agreement）

记 联想记忆：in（不）＋compatible（和谐共存的）→无法和谐共存的，不相容的

搭 be incompatible with 与…不相容

同 disconsonant, dissonant, incongruent, incongruous, inconsonant

nonporous

[ˌnɑːnˈpɔːrəs]

adj. 无孔的；不渗透的

记 联想记忆：non（不）＋porous（多孔的；能渗透的）→无孔的；不渗透的

obligatory

[əˈblɪɡətɔːri]

adj. 强制性的，义不容辞的（binding in law or conscience）

同 compulsory, imperative, mandatory

robust

[roʊˈbʌst]

adj. 健壮的（having or exhibiting strength）

记 联想记忆：中国的矿泉水品牌“乐百氏”就来自这个单词

unarticulated

[ˌʌnɑːrˈtɪkjələtɪd]adj. 表达不清的（not articulated）

bonanza

[bəˈnænzə]

n. 富矿脉，贵金属矿（an exceptionally large and rich mineral deposit）

同 eldorado, golconda

transitoriness

[ˈtrænsətɔːrinəs]

n. 暂时，短暂（the state of being not persistent）

例 Parts of seventeenth-century Chinese pleasure gardens were not necessarily intended to look

cheerful; they were designed expressly to evoke the agreeable melancholy resulting from a sense of the transitoriness of natural beauty and human glory.

preternatural

[ˌpriːtərˈnætʃrəl]

adj. 异常的（extraordinary）；超自然的（existing outside of nature）

记 联想记忆：preter（超越）＋natural（自然的）→超自然的

understate

[ˌʌndərˈsteɪt]

v. 保守地说，轻描淡写地说（to state with less completeness or truth than seems warranted by the

facts）

记 联想记忆：under（在…下面）＋state（说话）→在衣服下面说→保守地说

例 Because of its inclination to understate, most Indian art is reminiscent of Japanese art, where

symbols have been minimized and meaning has been conveyed by the merest suggestion.

reverse

[rɪˈvɜːrs]

n. 反面（the back part of sth.）；相反的事物（opposite） v. 倒车（to perform action in the opposite

direction）；反转（to turn backward）；彻底转变（to change to the opposite）

记 词根记忆：re＋vers（转）＋e→反转

同 invert, revert, transplace, transpose

pious

[ˈpaɪəs]

adj. 虔诚的（showing and feeling deep respect for God and religion）

同 devout, pietistic, prayerful, religious

provincial

[prəˈvɪnʃl]

adj. 省的，地方的；偏狭的，粗俗的（limited in outlook）

记 来自province（n. 省）

例 This poetry is not provincial; it is more likely to appeal to an international audience than ispoetry with strictly regional themes.

同 agrestic, bucolic, countrified, rustic

coalesce

[ˌkoʊəˈles]

v. 联合，合并（to unite or merge into a single body; mix）

记 词根记忆：co＋al（＝ally 联盟）＋esce→一起联盟→联合

同 associate, bracket, combine, conjoin

restatement

[ˌriːˈsteɪtmənt]

n. 再声明，重述

pugnacious

[pʌɡˈneɪʃəs]

adj. 好斗的（having a quarrelsome or combative nature）

记 词根记忆：pugn（打斗）＋acious（…的）→好斗的

spurn

[spɜːrn]

n. 拒绝，摈弃（disdainful rejection）

记 联想记忆：spur（**）＋n（看作no）→不再**，不再鼓励→拒绝，摈弃

dilatory

[ˈdɪlətɔːri]

adj. 慢吞吞的，磨蹭的（inclined to delay; slow or late in doing things）

记 词根记忆：di＋lat（搬运）＋ory→分开搬运→慢吞吞的

narrative

[ˈnærətɪv]

adj. 叙述性的（of, or in the form of story-telling）

记 来自narrate（v. 叙述）

例 Because it has no distinct and recognizable typographical form and few recurring narrative

conventions, the novel is, of all literary genres, the least susceptible to definition.