JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)是一个受 JavaScript 的对象字面量语法启发的轻量级数据交换格式,本文介绍Python json库的使用,也就是json的序列化和反序列化方法。
json序列化dump
写入到文件,将对象转换为json字符串格式,这样更容易存储。
import jsondata = {'Numbers':1, 'Strings':"value", 'Arrays':[1,2,3], 'Dicts':{'1':1,'2':2}}with open("data1.json", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f: json.dump(data, f, sort_keys=True, indent=4)
dumps
将对象转换为string,这样更容易传输
data2 = {'Numbers':1, 'Strings':"value", 'Arrays':[1,2,3]}data = json.dumps(data2, sort_keys=True, indent=4)print(data)print(type(data))
执行结果:
{ "Arrays": [ 1, 2, 3 ], "Numbers": 1, "Strings": "value"}<class 'str'>将类实例转化成json字符串
也可以将类实例转化成json字符串,需要先将实例转化为可序列化操作的对象。下面介绍3种方案:
获取实例的__dict__成员变量使用Python内置函数vars()获取__dict__类继承JSONEncoder,自定义JSONEncoder.default()函数class JsonClassSerializable(json.JSONEncoder): """JSON serializer for objects""" def default(self, obj): if isinstance(obj, Person): return obj.__dict__ else: return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj) class Person(): def __init__(self, name, height): self.name = name self.height = height p = Person("zhangsan",175)print(p.__dict__)data1 = json.dumps(p.__dict__, sort_keys=True, indent=4)print(data1)data2 = json.dumps(vars(p), sort_keys=True, indent=4)print(data2)data3 = json.dumps(p, default=lambda x: x.__dict__, sort_keys=True, indent=4)print(data3)data4 = json.dumps(p, cls=JsonClassSerializable, sort_keys=True, indent=4)print(data4)
执行结果:
{'name': 'zhangsan', 'height': 175}{ "height": 175, "name": "zhangsan"}{ "height": 175, "name": "zhangsan"}{ "height": 175, "name": "zhangsan"}{ "height": 175, "name": "zhangsan"}json反序列化
json反序列化是将json数据或者字符串转化为Python对象,对应load和loads两个方法:
load:针对文件句柄,用于读取文件loads:针对内存对象,将string转换为对象loadwith open("data1.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f: data = json.load(f) print(data) print(type(data)) print(type(data['Arrays']))
执行结果:
{'Arrays': [1, 2, 3], 'Numbers': 1, 'Objects': {'1': 1, '2': 2}, 'Strings': 'value'}<class 'dict'><class 'list'>loadsdatas = '{"Numbers":1, "Strings":"value", "Arrays":[1,2,3]}'data = json.loads(datas)print(data)print(type(data))
执行结果:
{'Numbers': 1, 'Strings': 'value', 'Arrays': [1, 2, 3]}<class 'dict'>JSON反序列化类对象class Person(): def __init__(self, d): self.__dict__ = d def introduce(self): print(f"My name is {self.name}")data = '{"name": "zhangsan", "height": 175}' p = json.loads(data, object_hook=Person)print(p)print(p.name)print(p.height)p.introduce()
执行结果:
<__main__.Person object at 0x000001FA98439748>zhangsan175My name is zhangsan
参考文档:
https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3.9/library/json.html
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